Tablet Reliability Test
A Tablet Computer, also known as a Tablet Personal Computer (Tablet PC), is a small, portable personal computer that uses a touch screen as its basic input device. It is an electronic product with strong mobility, and it can be seen everywhere in life (such as waiting stations, trains, high-speed trains, cafes, restaurants, meeting rooms, suburbs, etc.). People carry only simple coat protection or even no, in order to facilitate use, the design reduces the size, so that it can be directly placed in the pocket or handbag, backpack, but the tablet computer in the process of moving will also experience many environmental physical changes (such as temperature, humidity, vibration, impact, extrusion, etc.). Etc.) and natural damage (such as ultraviolet light, sunlight, dust, salt spray, water droplets... It will also cause artificial unintentional injury or abnormal operation and misoperation, and even cause failure and damage (such as: household chemicals, hand sweating, falling, terminal insertion and removal too much, pocket friction, crystal nails... These will shorten the life of the tablet computer, in order to ensure the reliability of the product and extend the service life to improve, we must carry out a number of environmental reliability test projects on the tablet computer, the following relevant tests for your reference.
Environmental test project description:
Simulate various harsh environments and reliability assessments used by tablet computers to test whether their performance meets the requirements; It mainly includes high and low temperature operation and high and low temperature storage, temperature and condensation, temperature cycle and shock, wet and heat combination test, ultraviolet, sunlight, drip, dust, salt spray and other tests.
Operating temperature range: 0℃ ~ 35℃/5% ~ 95%RH
Storage temperature range: -10℃ ~ 50℃/10% ~ 90%RH
Operating low temperature test: -10℃/2h/ power operation
Operating high temperature test: 40℃/8h/ all running
Storage low temperature test: -20℃/96h/ shutdown
Storage high temperature test: 60℃/96h/ shutdown
High temperature test of vehicle storage: 85℃/96h/ shutdown
Temperature shock: -40℃(30min)←→80℃(30min)/10cycle
Wet heat test: 40℃/95%R.H./48h/ power standby
Hot and humid cycle test: 40℃/95%R.H./1h→ramp:1℃/min→-10℃/1h, 20cycles, power standby
Wet heat test: 40℃/95%R.H./48h/ power standby
Hot and humid cycle test: 40℃/95%R.H./1h→ramp:1℃/min→-10℃/1h, 20cycles, power standby
Weather resistance test:
Simulation of the most severe natural conditions, solar thermal effect test, each cycle of 24 hours, 8 hours of continuous exposure, 16 hours to keep dark, each cycle radiation amount of 8.96 kWh/m2, a total of 10cycles.
Salt spray test:
5% sodium chloride solution/Water temperature 35°C/PH 6.5~7.2/24h/ Shutdown → Pure water wipe shell →55°C/0.5h→ Function test: after 2 hours, after 40/80%R.H./168h.
Dripping test: According to IEC60529, in line with IPX2 waterproof rating, can prevent water droplets falling at an Angle of less than 15 degrees from entering the tablet computer and causing damage. Test conditions: water flow rate 3mm/min, 2.5min at each position, checkpoint: after test, 24 hours later, standby for 1 week.
Dust Test:
According to IEC60529, in line with the IP5X dust class, can not completely prevent the entry of dust but does not affect the device should be the action and anquan, in addition to tablet computers are currently many personal mobile portable 3C products commonly used dust standards, such as: mobile phones, digital cameras, MP3, MP4... Let's wait.
Conditions:
Dust sample 110mm/3 ~ 8h/ test for dynamic operation
After the test, a microscope is used to detect whether dust particles will enter the interior space of the tablet.
Chemical staining test:
Confirm the external components related to the tablet, confirm the chemical resistance of household chemicals, chemicals: sunscreen, lipstick, hand cream, mosquito repellent, cooking oil (salad oil, sunflower oil, olive oil... Etc.), the test time is 24 hours, check the color, gloss, surface smoothness... Etc., and confirm whether there are bubbles or cracks.
Mechanical test:
Test the strength of the mechanical structure of the tablet computer and the wear resistance of the key components; Mainly includes vibration test, drop test, impact test, plug test, and wear test... Etc.
Fall test: The height of 130cm, free fall on the smooth soil surface, each side fell 7 times, 2 sides a total of 14 times, tablet computer in standby state, each fall, the function of the test product is checked.
Repeated drop test: the height of 30cm, free drop on the smooth dense surface of 2cm thickness, each side fell 100 times, each interval of 2s, 7 sides a total of 700 times, every 20 times, check the function of the experimental product, tablet computer is in the state of power.
Random vibration test: frequency 30 ~ 100Hz, 2G, axial: three axial. Time: 1 hour in each direction, for a total of three hours, the tablet is in standby mode.
Screen impact resistance test: 11φ/5.5g copper ball fell on the center surface of 1m object at 1.8m height and 3ψ/9g stainless steel ball fell at 30cm height
Screen writing durability: more than 100,000 words (width R0.8mm, pressure 250g)
Screen touch durability: 1 million, 10 million, 160 million, 200 million times or more (width R8mm, hardness 60°, pressure 250g, 2 times per second)
Screen flat press test: the diameter of the rubber block is 8mm, the pressure speed is 1.2mm/min, the vertical direction is 5kg force flat press the window 3 times, each time for 5 seconds, the screen should display normally.
Screen front flat press test: The entire contact area, the direction of the vertical 25kg force front flat press each side of the tablet computer, for 10 seconds, flat press 3 times, there should be no abnormal.
Earphone plug and remove test: Insert the earphone vertically into the earphone hole, and then pull it out vertically. Repeat this for more than 5000 times
I/O plug and pull test: The tablet is in standby state, and the plug terminal connector is pulled out, a total of more than 5000 times
Pocket friction test: Simulate various materials pocket or backpack, the tablet is repeatedly rubbed in the pocket 2,000 times (friction test will also add some mixed dust particles, including dust particles, yan grass particles, fluff and paper particles for mixing test).
Screen hardness test: hardness greater than class 7 (ASTM D 3363, JIS 5400)
Screen impact test: hit the most vulnerable sides and center of the panel with a force of more than 5㎏
Laptop Test Conditions
Notebook computer from the early 12-inch screen evolution to the current LED backlit screen, its computing efficiency and 3D processing, will not be lost to the general desktop computer, and the weight is becoming less and less burden, the relative reliability test requirements for the entire notebook computer is becoming more and more stringent, from the early packaging to the current boot down, the traditional high temperature and high humidity to the current condensation test. From the temperature and humidity range of the general environment to the desert test as a common condition, these are the parts that need to be considered in the production of notebook computer related components and design, the test conditions of the relevant environmental tests collected so far are organized and shared with you.
Keyboard tapping test:
Test one:
GB:1 million times
Key pressure :0.3~0.8(N)
Button stroke :0.3~1.5(mm)
Test 2: Key pressure: 75g(±10g) Test 10 keys for 14 days, 240 times per minute, a total of about 4.83 million times, once every 1 million times
Japanese manufacturers :2 to 5 million times
Taiwan manufacturer 1: more than 8 million times
Taiwan Manufacturer 2:10 million times
Power switch and connector plug pull test:
This test model simulates the lateral forces that each connector can withstand under abnormal usage. General laptop test items: USB, 1394, PS2, RJ45, Modem, VGA... Equal application force 5kg(50 times), up and down left and right pull and plug.
Power switch and connector plug test:
4000 times (Power supply)
Screen cover opening and closing test:
Taiwanese manufacturers: open and close 20,000 times
Japanese manufacturer 1: opening and closing test 85,000 times
Japanese manufacturer 2: opening and closing 30,000 times
System standby and recovery switch test:
General note type: interval 10sec, 1000cycles
Japanese manufacturer: System standby and recovery switch test 2000 times
Common causes of laptop failure:
☆ Foreign objects fall on the notebook
☆ Falls off the table while in use
☆ Tuck the notebook in a handbag or trolley case
☆ Extremely high temperature or low temperature ☆ Normal use (overuse)
☆ Wrong use in tourist destinations
☆PCMCIA inserted incorrectly
☆ Place foreign objects on the keyboard
Shutdown drop test:
General notebook type :76 cm
GB package drop: 100cm
Us Army and Japanese notebook computers: The height of the computer is 90 cm from all sides, sides, corners, a total of 26 sides
Platform :74 cm (packing required)
Land: 90cm (packing required)
TOSHIBA&BENQ 100 cm
Boot drop test:
Japanese :10 cm boot fall
Taiwan :74 cm boot fall
Laptop main board temperature shock:
Slope 20℃/min
Number of cycles 50cycles(no operation during impact)
The U.S. military's technical standards and test conditions for laptop procurement are as follows:
Impact test: Drop the computer 26 times from all sides, sides and corners at a height of 90 cm
Earthquake resistance test :20Hz~1000Hz, 1000Hz~2000Hz frequency once an hour X, Y and Z axis continuous vibration
Temperature test :0℃~60℃ 72 hours of aging oven
Waterproof test: Spray water on the computer for 10 minutes in all directions, and the water spray rate is 1mm per minute
Dust test: Spray the concentration of 60,000 mg/ per cubic meter of dust for 2 seconds (interval of 10 minutes, 10 consecutive times, time 1 hour)
Meets MIL-STD-810 military specifications
Waterproof test:
Us Army notebook :protection class:IP54(dust & rain) Sprayed the computer with water in all directions for 10 minutes at a rate of 1mm per minute.
Dust proof test:
Us Army notebook: Spray a concentration of 60,000 mg/ m3 of dust for 2 seconds (10 minute intervals, 10 consecutive times, time 1 hour)
Temperature Cyclic Stress Screening (1)
Environmental Stress Screening (ESS)
Stress screening is the use of acceleration techniques and environmental stress under the design strength limit, such as: burn in, temperature cycling, random vibration, power cycle... By accelerating the stress, the potential defects in the product emerge [potential parts material defects, design defects, process defects, process defects], and eliminate electronic or mechanical residual stress, as well as eliminate stray capacitors between multi-layer circuit boards, the early death stage of the product in the bath curve is removed and repaired in advance, so that the product through moderate screening, Save the normal period and decline period of the bathtub curve to avoid the product in the process of use, the test of environmental stress sometimes lead to failure, resulting in unnecessary losses. Although the use of ESS stress screening will increase the cost and time, for improving the product delivery yield and reduce the number of repairs, there is a significant effect, but for the total cost will be reduced. In addition, customer trust will also be improved, generally for electronic parts of the stress screening methods are pre-burning, temperature cycle, high temperature, low temperature, PCB printed circuit board stress screening method is temperature cycle, for the electronic cost of the stress screening is: Power pre-burning, temperature cycling, random vibration, in addition to the stress screen itself is a process stage, rather than a test, screening is 100% of the product procedure.
Stress screening applicable product stage: R & D stage, mass production stage, before delivery (screening test can be carried out in components, devices, connectors and other products or the whole machine system, according to different requirements can have different screening stress)
Stress screening comparison:
a. Constant high temperature pre-burning (Burn in) stress screening, is the current electronic IT industry commonly used method to precipitate electronic components defects, but this method is not suitable for screening parts (PCB, IC, resistor, capacitor), According to statistics, the number of companies in the United States that use temperature cycling to screen parts is five times more than the number of companies that use constant high temperature prefiring to screen components.
B. GJB/DZ34 indicates the proportion of temperature cycle and random vibrating screen selection defects, temperature accounted for about 80%, vibration accounted for about 20% of the defects in various products.
c. The United States has conducted a survey of 42 enterprises, random vibration stress can screen out 15 to 25% of the defects, while the temperature cycle can screen out 75 to 85%, if the combination of the two can reach 90%.
d. The proportion of product defect types detected by temperature cycling: insufficient design margin: 5%, production and workmanship errors: 33%, defective parts: 62%
Description of fault induction of temperature cyclic stress screening:
The cause of product failure induced by temperature cycling is: when the temperature is cycled within the upper and lower extremal temperatures, the product produces alternating expansion and contraction, resulting in thermal stress and strain in the product. If there is a transient thermal ladder (temperature non-uniformity) within the product, or the thermal expansion coefficients of adjacent materials within the product do not match each other, these thermal stresses and strains will be more drastic. This stress and strain is greatest at the defect, and this cycle causes the defect to grow so large that it can eventually cause structural failure and generate electrical failure. For example, a cracked electroplated through-hole eventually cracks completely around it, causing an open circuit. Thermal cycling enables soldering and plating through holes on printed circuit boards... Temperature cyclic stress screening is especially suitable for electronic products with printed circuit board structure.
The fault mode triggered by the temperature cycle or the impact on the product is as follows:
a. The expansion of various microscopic cracks in the coating, material or wire
b. Loosen poorly bonded joints
c. Loosen improperly connected or riveted joints
d. Relax the pressed fittings with insufficient mechanical tension
e. Increase the contact resistance of poor quality solder joints or cause an open circuit
f. Particle, chemical pollution
g. Seal failure
h. Packaging issues, such as bonding of protective coatings
i. Short circuit or open circuit of the transformer and coil
j. The potentiometer is defective
k. Poor connection of welding and welding points
l. Cold welding contact
m. Multi-layer board due to improper handling of open circuit, short circuit
n. Short circuit of power transistor
o. Capacitor, transistor bad
p. Dual row integrated circuit failure
q. A box or cable that is nearly short-circuited due to damage or improper assembly
r. Breakage, breakage, scoring of material due to improper handling... Etc.
s. out-of-tolerance parts and materials
t. resistor ruptured due to lack of synthetic rubber buffer coating
u. The transistor hair is involved in the grounding of the metal strip
v. Mica insulation gasket rupture, resulting in short circuit transistor
w. Improper fixing of the metal plate of the regulating coil leads to irregular output
x. The bipolar vacuum tube is open internally at low temperature
y. Coil indirect short circuit
z. Ungrounded terminals
a1. Component parameter drift
a2. Components are improperly installed
a3. Misused components
a4. Seal failure
Introduction of stress parameters for temperature cyclic stress screening:
The stress parameters of temperature cyclic stress screening mainly include the following: high and low temperature extremum range, dwell time, temperature variability, cycle number
High and low temperature extremal range: the larger the range of high and low temperature extremal, the fewer cycles required, the lower the cost, but can not exceed the product can withstand the limit, do not cause new fault principle, the difference between the upper and lower limits of temperature change is not less than 88°C, the typical range of change is -54°C to 55°C.
Dwell time: In addition, the dwell time can not be too short, otherwise it is too late to make the product under test produce thermal expansion and contraction stress changes, as for the dwell time, the dwell time of different products is different, you can refer to the relevant specification requirements.
Number of cycles: As for the number of cycles of temperature cyclic stress screening, it is also determined by considering product characteristics, complexity, upper and lower limits of temperature and screening rate, and the screening number should not be exceeded, otherwise it will cause unnecessary harm to the product and cannot improve the screening rate. The number of temperature cycles ranges from 1 to 10 cycles [ordinary screening, primary screening] to 20 to 60 cycles [precision screening, secondary screening], for the removal of the most likely workmanship defects, about 6 to 10 cycles can be effectively removed, in addition to the effectiveness of the temperature cycle, Mainly depends on the temperature variation of the product surface, rather than the temperature variation inside the test box.
There are seven main influencing parameters of temperature cycle:
(1) Temperature Range
(2) Number of Cycles
(3) Temperature Rate of Chang
(4) Dwell Time
(5) Airflow Velocities
(6) Uniformity of Stress
(7) Function test or not (Product Operating Condition)
Temperature Cyclic Stress Screening (2)
Introduction of stress parameters for temperature cyclic stress screening:
The stress parameters of temperature cyclic stress screening mainly include the following: high and low temperature extremum range, dwell time, temperature variability, cycle number
High and low temperature extremal range: the larger the range of high and low temperature extremal, the fewer cycles required, the lower the cost, but can not exceed the product can withstand the limit, do not cause new fault principle, the difference between the upper and lower limits of temperature change is not less than 88°C, the typical range of change is -54°C to 55°C.
Dwell time: In addition, the dwell time can not be too short, otherwise it is too late to make the product under test produce thermal expansion and contraction stress changes, as for the dwell time, the dwell time of different products is different, you can refer to the relevant specification requirements.
Number of cycles: As for the number of cycles of temperature cyclic stress screening, it is also determined by considering product characteristics, complexity, upper and lower limits of temperature and screening rate, and the screening number should not be exceeded, otherwise it will cause unnecessary harm to the product and cannot improve the screening rate. The number of temperature cycles ranges from 1 to 10 cycles [ordinary screening, primary screening] to 20 to 60 cycles [precision screening, secondary screening], for the removal of the most likely workmanship defects, about 6 to 10 cycles can be effectively removed, in addition to the effectiveness of the temperature cycle, Mainly depends on the temperature variation of the product surface, rather than the temperature variation inside the test box.
There are seven main influencing parameters of temperature cycle:
(1) Temperature Range
(2) Number of Cycles
(3) Temperature Rate of Chang
(4) Dwell Time
(5) Airflow Velocities
(6) Uniformity of Stress
(7) Function test or not (Product Operating Condition)
Stress screening fatigue classification:
The general classification of Fatigue research can be divided into High-cycle Fatigue, Low-cycle Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Growth. In the aspect of low cycle Fatigue, it can be subdivided into Thermal Fatigue and Isothermal Fatigue.
Stress screening acronyms:
ESS: Environmental stress screening
FBT: Function board tester
ICA: Circuit analyzer
ICT: Circuit tester
LBS: load board short-circuit tester
MTBF: mean time between failures
Time of temperature cycles:
a.MIL-STD-2164(GJB 1302-90) : In the defect removal test, the number of temperature cycles is 10, 12 times, and in the trouble-free detection it is 10 ~ 20 times or 12 ~ 24 times. In order to remove the most likely workmanship defects, about 6 ~ 10 cycles are needed to effectively remove them. 1 ~ 10 cycles [general screening, primary screening], 20 ~ 60 cycles [precision screening, secondary screening].
B.od-hdbk-344 (GJB/DZ34) Initial screening equipment and unit level uses 10 to 20 loops (usually ≧10), component level uses 20 to 40 loops (usually ≧25).
Temperature variability:
a.MIL-STD-2164(GJB1032) clearly states: [Temperature change rate of temperature cycle 5℃/min]
B.od-hdbk-344 (GJB/DZ34) Component level 15 ° C /min, system 5 ° C /min
c. Temperature cyclic stress screening is generally not specified temperature variability, and its commonly used degree variation rate is usually 5°C/min
VMR-Plattentemperaturzyklus-TransientenbruchtestDer Temperaturzyklustest ist eine der am häufigsten verwendeten Methoden zur Zuverlässigkeits- und Lebensdauerprüfung bleifreier Schweißmaterialien und SMD-Teile. Es bewertet die Klebeteile und Lötverbindungen auf der Oberfläche von SMD und verursacht plastische Verformung und mechanische Ermüdung von Lötverbindungsmaterialien unter dem Ermüdungseffekt von Kalt- und Heißtemperaturzyklen mit kontrollierter Temperaturschwankung, um die potenziellen Gefahren und Fehlerfaktoren zu verstehen von Lötstellen und SMD. Das Daisy-Chain-Diagramm wird zwischen den Teilen und den Lötstellen angeschlossen. Der Testprozess erkennt das Ein-Aus und Ein-Aus zwischen den Leitungen, Teilen und Lötstellen durch das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Momentanbruch-Messsystem, das die Anforderungen an den Zuverlässigkeitstest elektrischer Verbindungen erfüllt, um zu bewerten, ob die Lötstellen, Zinnkugeln und Teile fallen aus. Dieser Test ist nicht wirklich simuliert. Sein Zweck besteht darin, starke Belastungen auszuüben und den Alterungsfaktor auf das zu prüfende Objekt zu beschleunigen, um zu bestätigen, ob das Produkt korrekt entworfen oder hergestellt wurde, und um dann die thermische Ermüdungslebensdauer der Lötverbindungen der Komponenten zu bewerten. Der Zuverlässigkeitstest der elektrischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsverbindung mit sofortiger Unterbrechung ist zu einem wichtigen Glied geworden, um den normalen Betrieb des elektronischen Systems sicherzustellen und den Ausfall der elektrischen Verbindung zu vermeiden, der durch den Ausfall des unausgereiften Systems verursacht wird. Die Widerstandsänderungen über einen kurzen Zeitraum wurden bei beschleunigten Temperaturwechseln und Vibrationstests beobachtet.Zweck:1. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die entworfenen, hergestellten und montierten Produkte vorgegebene Anforderungen erfüllen2. Entspannung der Kriechspannung der Lötstelle und SMD-Bruchversagen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Wärmeausdehnung3. Die maximale Testtemperatur des Temperaturzyklus sollte 25 °C niedriger sein als die Tg-Temperatur des PCB-Materials, um mehr als einen Schadensmechanismus des Ersatztestprodukts zu vermeiden4. Eine Temperaturschwankung von 20℃/min ist ein Temperaturzyklus, und eine Temperaturschwankung über 20℃/min ist ein Temperaturschock5. Das dynamische Messintervall der Schweißverbindung überschreitet nicht 1 Minute6. Die Verweilzeit bei hoher und niedriger Temperatur zur Fehlerbestimmung muss in 5 Hüben gemessen werdenAnforderungen:1. Die Gesamttemperaturzeit des Testprodukts liegt im Bereich der Nennmaximaltemperatur und der Minimaltemperatur, und die Länge der Verweilzeit ist für den beschleunigten Test sehr wichtig, da die Verweilzeit während des beschleunigten Tests nicht ausreicht , wodurch der Kriechprozess unvollständig wird2. Die Wohnraumtemperatur muss höher als die Tmax-Temperatur und niedriger als die Tmin-Temperatur seinSiehe Liste der Spezifikationen:IPC-9701, IPC650-2.6.26, IPC-SM-785, IPCD-279, J-STD-001, J-STD-002, J-STD-003, JESD22-A104, JESD22-B111, JESD22-B113, JESD22-B117, SJR-01
AC-Solarmodule und Mikrowechselrichter 1Die Gesamtausgangsleistung des Solarzellenmoduls ist stark reduziert, hauptsächlich aufgrund einiger Modulschäden (Hagel, Winddruck, Windvibrationen, Schneedruck, Blitzeinschlag), lokaler Schatten, Schmutz, Neigungswinkel, Ausrichtung, unterschiedlicher Alterungsgrade, kleine Risse... Diese Probleme führen zu einer Fehlausrichtung der Systemkonfiguration, was zu Mängeln bei der verringerten Ausgangseffizienz führt, die bei herkömmlichen Zentralwechselrichtern nur schwer zu beheben sind. Kostenverhältnis der Solarstromerzeugung: Modul (40 ~ 50 %), Bau (20 ~ 30 %), Wechselrichter (
AC-Solarmodule und Mikrowechselrichter 2Testspezifikation für Wechselstrommodule:ETL-Zertifizierung: UL 1741, CSA Standard 22.2, CSA Standard 22.2 Nr. 107.1-1, IEEE 1547, IEEE 929PV-Modul: UL1703Newsletter: 47CFR, Teil 15, Klasse BSpannungsstoßfestigkeit: IEEE 62.41 Klasse BNational Electrical Code: NEC 1999-2008Lichtbogenschutzgeräte: IEEE 1547Elektromagnetische Wellen: BS EN 55022, FCC Klasse B gemäß CISPR 22B, EMC 89/336/EEG, EN 50081-1, EN 61000-3-2, EN 50082-2, EN 60950Mikro-Wechselrichter (Mikro-Wechselrichter): UL1741-Klasse ATypische Komponentenausfallrate: MIL HB-217FWeitere Spezifikationen:IEC 503, IEC 62380 IEEE1547, IEEE929, IEEE-P929, IEEE SCC21, ANSI/NFPA-70 NEC690.2, NEC690.5, NEC690.6, NEC690.10, NEC690.11, NEC690.14, NEC690.17, NEC690 .18, NEC690.64Hauptspezifikationen des AC-Solarmoduls:Betriebstemperatur: -20℃ ~ 46℃, -40℃ ~ 60℃, -40℃ ~ 65℃, -40℃ ~ 85℃, -20 ~ 90℃Ausgangsspannung: 120/240 V, 117 V, 120/208 VAusgangsfrequenz: 60 HzVorteile von AC-Modulen:1. Versuchen Sie, die Stromerzeugung jedes Wechselrichter-Leistungsmoduls zu erhöhen und die maximale Leistung zu verfolgen. Da der maximale Leistungspunkt einer einzelnen Komponente verfolgt wird, kann die Stromerzeugung der Photovoltaikanlage erheblich verbessert werden, was um 25 % gesteigert werden kann .2. Durch Anpassen der Spannung und des Stroms jeder Reihe von Solarmodulen, bis alle im Gleichgewicht sind, um eine Fehlanpassung des Systems zu vermeiden.3. Jedes Modul verfügt über eine Überwachungsfunktion, um die Wartungskosten des Systems zu senken und den Betrieb stabiler und zuverlässiger zu machen.4. Die Konfiguration ist flexibel und die Solarzellengröße kann entsprechend den finanziellen Ressourcen des Benutzers auf dem Haushaltsmarkt installiert werden.5. Keine Hochspannung, sicherer in der Anwendung, einfach zu installieren, schneller, geringer Wartungs- und Installationsaufwand, verringert die Abhängigkeit von Installationsdienstleistern, sodass die Solarstromanlage von den Benutzern selbst installiert werden kann.6. Die Kosten sind ähnlich oder sogar niedriger als bei Zentralwechselrichtern.7. Einfache Installation (Installationszeit um die Hälfte reduziert).8. Reduzieren Sie die Beschaffungs- und Installationskosten.9. Reduzieren Sie die Gesamtkosten der Solarstromerzeugung.10. Kein spezielles Verkabelungs- und Installationsprogramm.11. Der Ausfall eines einzelnen AC-Moduls hat keine Auswirkungen auf andere Module oder Systeme.12. Wenn das Modul abnormal ist, kann der Netzschalter automatisch abgeschaltet werden.13. Für die Wartung ist lediglich eine einfache Unterbrechungsprozedur erforderlich.14. Kann in jede Richtung installiert werden und hat keinen Einfluss auf andere Module im System.15. Es kann den gesamten Stellraum ausfüllen, solange es darunter platziert wird.16. Reduzieren Sie die Brücke zwischen DC-Leitung und Kabel.17. DC-Anschlüsse (DC-Anschlüsse) reduzieren.18. Reduzieren Sie die DC-Erdschlusserkennung und setzen Sie Schutzvorrichtungen ein.19. DC-Anschlusskästen reduzieren.20. Reduzieren Sie die Bypass-Diode des Solarmoduls.21. Es besteht keine Notwendigkeit, große Wechselrichter zu kaufen, zu installieren und zu warten.22. Keine Notwendigkeit, Batterien zu kaufen.23. Jedes Modul ist mit einer Lichtbogenschutzvorrichtung ausgestattet, die den Anforderungen der UL1741-Spezifikation entspricht.24. Das Modul kommuniziert direkt über das AC-Ausgangskabel, ohne eine weitere Kommunikationsleitung einzurichten.25. 40 % weniger Komponenten.
AC-Solarmodule und Mikrowechselrichter 3Testmethode für Wechselstrommodule:1. Ausgangsleistungstest: Die vorhandenen Modultestgeräte für nicht-wechselrichterbezogene Modultests2. Elektrischer Belastungstest: Führen Sie einen Temperaturzyklustest unter verschiedenen Bedingungen durch, um die Eigenschaften des Wechselrichters unter Betriebstemperatur- und Standby-Temperaturbedingungen zu bewerten3. Mechanischer Belastungstest: Ermitteln Sie den Mikrowechselrichter mit schwacher Haftung und den auf der Leiterplatte verschweißten Kondensator4. Verwenden Sie einen Sonnensimulator für Gesamttests: Es ist ein stationärer Impuls-Sonnensimulator mit großer Größe und guter Gleichmäßigkeit erforderlich5. Außentest: Zeichnen Sie die I-V-Kurve des Modulausgangs und die Umrechnungskurve des Wechselrichterwirkungsgrads in einer Außenumgebung auf6. Einzeltest: Jede Komponente des Moduls wird einzeln im Raum getestet und der Gesamtnutzen anhand der Formel berechnet7. Elektromagnetischer Interferenztest: Da das Modul über eine Wechselrichterkomponente verfügt, müssen die Auswirkungen auf EMV und EMI bewertet werden, wenn das Modul unter dem Sonnenlichtsimulator betrieben wird.Häufige Ausfallursachen von AC-Modulen:1. Der Widerstandswert ist falsch2. Die Diode ist invertiert3. Ursachen für einen Ausfall des Wechselrichters: Ausfall des Elektrolytkondensators, Feuchtigkeit, StaubTestbedingungen für AC-Module:HAST-Test: 110℃/85%R.H./206h (Sandia National Laboratory)Hochtemperaturtest (UL1741): 50℃, 60℃Temperaturzyklus: -40℃←→90℃/200ZyklenNassgefrieren: 85℃/85 % relative Luftfeuchtigkeit←→-40℃/10 Zyklen, 110 Zyklen (Enphase-ALT-Test)Nasshitzetest: 85℃/85%R.H/1000hMehrere Umgebungsdrucktests (MEOST): -50℃ ~ 120℃, 30G ~ 50G VibrationWasserdicht: NEMA 6/24 StundenBlitztest: Zulässige Stoßspannung bis 6000 VAndere (siehe UL1703): Wassersprühtest, Zugfestigkeitstest, LichtbogentestMTBF solarbezogener Module:Herkömmlicher Wechselrichter 10 ~ 15 Jahre, Mikro-Wechselrichter 331 Jahre, PV-Modul 600 Jahre, Mikro-Wechselrichter 600 Jahre[Zukunft]Einführung des Mikrowechselrichters:Anleitung: Mikro-Wechselrichter (Mikro-Wechselrichter) wird auf das Solarmodul angewendet, jedes DC-Solarmodul ist mit einem ausgestattet, kann die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens von Lichtbögen verringern, Mikro-Wechselrichter können direkt über das AC-Ausgangskabel angeschlossen werden, direkte Netzwerkkommunikation, es muss nur eine Stromversorgung installiert werden Line-Ethernet-Brücke (Powerline-Ethernet-Brücke) an der Steckdose, keine Notwendigkeit, eine weitere Kommunikationsleitung einzurichten, Benutzer können über die Computer-Webseite, iPhone, Blackberry, Tablet-Computer usw. direkt den Betriebszustand jedes Moduls beobachten (Leistungsabgabe, Modultemperatur, Fehlermeldung, Modulidentifikationscode), wenn eine Anomalie auftritt, kann diese sofort repariert oder ausgetauscht werden, sodass die gesamte Solarstromanlage reibungslos funktionieren kann, da der Mikrowechselrichter hinter dem Modul installiert ist. Daher ist auch der Alterungseffekt von Ultraviolett auf den Mikrowechselrichter gering.Spezifikationen des Mikrowechselrichters:UL 1741 CSA 22.2, CSA 22.2, Nr. 107.1-1 IEEE 1547 IEEE 929 FCC 47CFR, Teil 15, Klasse B Konform mit dem National Electric Code (NEC 1999-2008) EIA-IS-749 (Korrigierter Lebensdauertest für Hauptanwendungen, Spezifikation für Kondensatoreinsatz)Mikro-Wechselrichter-Test:1. Zuverlässigkeitstest des Mikrowechselrichters: Gewicht des Mikrowechselrichters +65 Pfund *4-mal2. Wasserdichtigkeitstest des Mikro-Wechselrichters: NEMA 6 [1 Meter Dauerbetrieb in Wasser für 24 Stunden]3. Nassgefrieren gemäß IEC61215-Testmethode: 85℃/85%R.H.←→-45℃/110 Tage4. Beschleunigter Lebensdauertest des Mikro-Wechselrichters [insgesamt 110 Tage, dynamischer Test bei Nennleistung, hat sichergestellt, dass der Mikro-Wechselrichter eine Lebensdauer von mehr als 20 Jahren haben kann]:Schritt 1: Nassgefrieren: 85℃/85%R.H.←→-45℃/10 TageSchritt 2: Temperaturzyklus: -45℃←→85℃/50 TageSchritt 3: Feuchte Hitze: 85℃/85 % relative Luftfeuchtigkeit/50 Tage
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